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Relevant bibliographies by topics / European history|Science history

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Dissertations / Theses
Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'European history|Science history'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 July 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "European history|Science history"

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Draper, Alan, and Philip Scranton. "European Social Science History Conference." International Labor and Working-Class History 51 (April 1997): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900002027.

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Ash, Mitchell G. "David Cahan’s Helmholtz: History of Science in European History." Isis 111, no. 4 (2020): 840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/712451.

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Pisano, Raffaele, and M. Rosa Massa-Esteve. "EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE." Centaurus 53, no. 3 (2011): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0498.2011.00235.x.

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Pisano, Raffaele. "EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE." Centaurus 53, no. 4 (2011): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0498.2011.00250.x.

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Štrbáňová, Soňa, and Milada Sekyrková. "EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE." Centaurus 54, no. 1 (2012): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0498.2011.00252.x.

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Pisano, Raffaele. "EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE." Centaurus 54, no. 2 (2012): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0498.2012.00270.x.

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Pisano, Raffaele. "EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE." Centaurus 54, no. 4 (2012): 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0498.2012.00288.x.

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Levere, Trevor H. "The History of Science of Canada." British Journal for the History of Science 21, no. 4 (1988): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400025334.

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Canada as a Neo-Europe is a relatively recent construct, although the people of its first nations, the Indians and Inuit, have been here for some twelve thousand years, since the beginning of the retreat of the last ice sheets. Western science came in a limited way with the first European explorers; Samuel de Champlain left a mariner's astrolabe behind him. The Jesuits followed with their organization and educational institutions, and from the eighteenth century science was established within European Canadian culture.

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DASTON, LORRAINE. "The History of Science as European Self-Portraiture." European Review 14, no. 4 (2006): 523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798706000536.

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Since the Enlightenment, the history of science has been enlisted to show the unity and distinctiveness of Europe. This paper, written on the occasion of the award of the 2005 Erasmus Prize to historians of science Simon Schaffer and Steven Shapin, traces the intertwined narratives of the history of science and European modernity from the 18th century to the present. Whether understood as triumph or tragedy (and there have been eloquent proponents of both views), the Scientific Revolution has been portrayed as Europe's decisive break with tradition – the first such break in world history and the model for all subsequent epics of modernization in other cultures. The paper concludes with reflections on how a new history of science, exemplified in the work of Shapin and Schaffer, may transform the self-image of Europe and conceptions of truth itself.

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Fox, Robert. "The European Society for the History of Science." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 59, no. 3 (2005): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2005.0106.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "European history|Science history"

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Brown, Robert J. "Fateful alliance the 1918 influenza pandemic and the First World War. In the British context /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.

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Sridharan, Preetham. ""Agglutinating" a Family| Friedrich Max Muller and the Development of the Turanian Language Family Theory in Nineteenth-Century European Linguistics and Other Human Sciences." Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10742847.

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<p> Some linguists in the nineteenth century argued for the existence of a “Turanian” family of languages in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, claiming the common descent of a vast range of languages like Hungarian, Finnish, Turkish, Mongol, Manchu, and their relatives and dialects. Of such linguists, Friedrich Max Müller (1823–1900) was an important developer and popularizer of a version of the Turanian theory across Europe, given his influence as a German-born Oxford professor in Victorian England from the 1850s onwards. Although this theory lost ground in academic linguistics from the mid twentieth century, a pan-nationalist movement pushing for the political unity of all Turanians emerged in Hungary and the Ottoman Empire from the <i> Fin-de-siècle</i> era. This thesis focuses on the history of this linguistic theory in the nineteenth century, examining Müller’s methodology and assumptions behind his Turanian concept. It argues that, in the comparative-historical trend in linguistics in an age of European imperialism, Müller followed evolutionary narratives of languages based on word morphologies in which his contemporaries rationalized the superiority of “inflectional” Indo-European languages over “agglutinating” Turanian languages. Building on the “Altaic” theory of the earlier Finnish linguist and explorer Matthias Castrén, Müller factored in the more primitive nomadic lifestyle of many peoples speaking agglutinating languages to genealogically group them into the Turanian family. Müller’s universalist Christian values gave him a touch of sympathy for all human languages and religions, but he reinforced the hierarchical view of cultures in his other comparative sciences of mythology and religion as well. This picture was challenged in the cultural pessimism of the <i>Fin de siècle </i> with the Pan-Turanists turning East to their nomadic heritage for inspiration.</p><p>

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Press, Steven Michael. "The Private State: A New Perspective on the European Partition of Africa." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11585.

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In the 1880s there was a race on among Europeans in Africa, spanning virtually the entire continent from Tunisia in the North to the Orange River in the South. Some European nicknames for this race are familiar: the Course au Clocher in France; the Scramble in England. What is less known is that this was a race, not necessarily to conquer or take land by force - most of that came later, in the 1890s -- but to claim paper deeds that nominally sold to whites the titles to govern various territories.<br>History

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Lehr, Heather Allison. "The Rise of the Socialist Party in France: A Study of the National Relevance of Local Elections as Illustrated by Lyon, Nantes and Rennes." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625536.

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Martin, Shawn Jeremy. ""Once More unto the Breach, Dear Friends": Cardinal Wolsey and the Politics of the "Great Enterprise," 1518-1525." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626271.

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Waddington, Robert. "Which Way Now?: A n Examination of the Ideological Movement of the British Labour Party between 1974 and 1992." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625834.

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McCray, William Patrick. "The culture and technology of glass in Renaissance Venice." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290650.

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Venetian glass, especially that of the Renaissance, has been admired for centuries due to its quality workmanship and overall visual appeal. In addition, a certain mystique surrounds the glassmakers of Venice and their products. This dissertation research undertakes a comprehensive view of the culture and technology of Renaissance Venetian glass and glassmaking. Particular attention is paid to luxury vessel glass, especially those made of the "colorless" material typically referred to as cristallo. This segment of the industry is seen as the primary locus of substantial technological change. The primary question examined in this work is the nature of this technological change, specifically that observed in the Renaissance Venetian glass industry circa 1450-1550. After providing an appropriate social and economic context, a discussion of Venice's glass industry in the pre-Renaissance is given. Industry and guild trends and conditions which would be influential in later centuries are identified. In addition, the sudden expansion of Venice's glass production in the mid-15th century is described as a self-catalyzed phenomenon in response to prevailing cultural and economic conditions. Demand is identified as a necessary precursor to the production of luxury glass. Building on this concept, activities and behaviors relevant to demand, production, and distribution of Venetian glass are examined in depth. The interaction between the Renaissance consumer and producer is treated along with the position of Venice's glass industry in the overall culture and economy of the city. It is concluded that the technological changes observed in Venice's Renaissance luxury glass industry arose primarily out of perceived consumer demand. Social and economic circumstances particular to Renaissance Italy created an environment in which a technological development such as cristallo glass could take place. The success of the industry in the 15th and 16th centuries can be found in the fruitful interplay between consumers and producers, the manner in which the industry was organized, coupled with the skill of the Venetian glassmakers to make and work new glass compositions into a variety of desired objects.

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Maxson, Brian Jeffrey. "The Humanist World of Renaissance Florence." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. http://amzn.com/1107043913.

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This book offers a major contribution for understanding the spread and appeal of the humanist movement in Renaissance Florence. Investigating the connections between the individuals who were part of the humanist movement, Brian Jeffrey Maxson reconstructs the networks that bound them together. Overturning the problematic categorization of humanists as either professional or amateurs, a distinction based on economics and the production of original works in Latin, he offers a new way of understanding how the humanist movement could incorporate so many who were illiterate in Latin, but who nonetheless were responsible for an important intellectual and cultural paradigm shift. The book demonstrates the massive appeal of the humanist movement across socio-economic and political groups and argues that the movement became so successful and so widespread because by the 1420s¬-30s the demands of common rituals began requiring humanist speeches. Over time, deep humanist learning became more valuable in the marketplace of social capital, which raised the status of the most learned humanists and helped disseminate humanist ideas beyond Florence.<br>https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1042/thumbnail.jpg

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Long, Bronson Wilder. "The Saar dispute in Franco-German relations and European integration French diplomacy, cultural policies and the construction of European identity in the Saar, 1944-1957 /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3290754.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2007.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4830. Adviser: Carl Ipsen. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 22, 2008).

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Clure, Graham Thomas. "European Illusions: Political Economy and War From Rousseau to the French Revolution." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845495.

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This dissertation is about the impact on Enlightenment political thought of the elimination of Poland from the map of Europe. It is about how the partitions of Poland (1772-95) affected the thinking of every major European political theorist, from Rousseau to Kant and beyond, because Poland's destruction raised questions about how states could achieve the prosperity necessary to retain their independence while also respecting the independence of others. The dissertation surveys the different theoretical approaches that were brought to bear on debates about how to implement reform in Poland and Russia. These ideas shaped subsequent discourses about the problems of international economic competition and constitutional government during the American and French Revolutions and into the nineteenth century. Rousseau's Considerations on the Government of Poland in particular had an important impact on later thinkers. The book represented a scaling-up of the Social Contract for a large state along lines that Rousseau planned to develop in his unfinished treatise, the Political Institutions.<br>Government

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Books on the topic "European history|Science history"

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Bhandari, D. R. History of European political philosophy. Zahid Publishers, 1986.

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Howard, Michael. War in European history. Oxford University Press, 2001.

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Howard, Michael Eliot. War in European history. Oxford University Press, 2001.

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War in European history. Oxford University Press, 2009.

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European political thought 1600-1700. St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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Jones, Helen. European watercolour painting on silk (1890s-1920s): History, science and conservation. Camberwell School of Art and Crafts), 1987.

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Salvo, Mastellone, ed. European political thought, 1815-1989. Westview Press, 1998.

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Syon, Guillaume de. Science and technology in modern European life. Greenwood Press, 2008.

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The rise of European liberalism. Transaction Publishers, 1997.

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A student's guide to European universities: Sociology, political science, geography and history. B. Budrich, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "European history|Science history"

1

Cramer, Katharina C. "Establishing the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL), 1992–2009." In A Political History of Big Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50049-8_5.

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Cramer, Katharina C. "What Kind of Europe for European Big Science?" In A Political History of Big Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50049-8_2.

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Cramer, Katharina C. "Founding the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 1977–1988." In A Political History of Big Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50049-8_4.

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Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg. "Curating the European University." In Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14553-2_24.

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Zhang, Baichun. "The Transmission of the European Clock-Making Technology into China in the 17th-18th Centuries." In History of Mechanism and Machine Science. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4132-4_39.

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Echávarri Otero, Javier, E. de la Guerra Ochoa, E. Chacón Tanarro, et al. "Royal Manufactures Promoted by the Spanish Crown during the 18th and 19th Centuries: An Approach to European Industrialisation." In History of Mechanism and Machine Science. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4132-4_4.

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García, Fernando, and Enrique Gracia. "The Indulgent Parenting Style and Developmental Outcomes in South European and Latin American Countries." In Science Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Science. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7503-9_31.

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Cigola, Michela. "The Influence of the Society of Jesus on the Spread of European Mechanical Knowledge in China in the XVIth and XVIIth Centuries." In History of Mechanism and Machine Science. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4132-4_5.

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Patiniotis, Manolis. "Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment: In Search of a European Identity." In Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14553-2_9.

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Geppert, Alexander C. T. "What Is, and to What End Do We Study, European Astroculture?" In Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95851-1_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "European history|Science history"

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Tleubekova, G. "Late 19th – early 20th century European travelers account of the nomadic people of Central Asia." In Scientific dialogue: Questions of philosophy, sociology, history, political science. ЦНК МОАН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-01-07-2020-05.

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Motuz, V. К. "Personalities in the history of private charity in Ukraine: Galshka Ostrozka." In HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY: EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-120-6-4.

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Березінець, І. В. "Образ степу як філософсько-антропологічна основа українця". У HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY: EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-120-6-19.

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Завгородня, Ю. В. "Кіберпростір як сучасна платформа для політичних конфліктів". У HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY: EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-120-6-13.

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Діденко, Л. В. "Викладання філософії: формування фахівця". У HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY: EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-120-6-25.

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Малімон, В. І. "Апологія самотності: спроба концептуалізації поняття". У HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY: EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-120-6-21.

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Васильєва, Л. А. "Феномен краси в сучасному публічному просторі: між духовністю та тілесністю". У HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY: EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-120-6-30.

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Antokhiv-Skolozdra, O. M. "Meeting сhallenges of modern information technologies in Ukraine". У HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY: EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-120-6-29.

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Петасюк, О. І. "Глобалізація, інформаційна цивілізація, коронавірус: лінії перетину та очікування". У HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY: EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-120-6-34.

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Вароді, Н. Ф. "Виноградарство та садівництво в околицях Берегова в часи М. С. Хрущова за матеріалами районної газети". У HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY: EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-120-6-1.

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Reports on the topic "European history|Science history"

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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.

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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research.  Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices.  Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed.  Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data.  Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.

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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Abstract:

Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.

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